TYPES OF NETWORK CABLE

 Even though there have been advances in wireless technologies, many computer networks in the 21st century rely on cables as the physical medium that devices use to transfer data. Several standard types of network cables exist, each designed for specific purposes.

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Coaxial Cables

Invented in the 1880s, coaxial cable (also called coax) was best known as the kind of cable that connected television sets to home antennas. Coaxial cable is also a standard for 10 Mbps Ethernet cables.

When 10 Mbps Ethernet was most popular, during the 1980s and early 1990s, networks typically used one of two kinds of coax cable — thinnet (10BASE2 standard) or thicknet (10BASE5). These cables consist of an inner copper wire of varying thickness surrounded by insulation and another shielding. Their stiffness caused network administrators difficulty when installing and maintaining thinnet and thicknet.

Twisted Pair Cables

Twisted pair emerged during the 1990s as the leading cabling standard for Ethernet, starting with 10 Mbps (10BASE-T, also known as Category 3 or Cat3), later followed by improved versions for 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5, and Cat5e) and successively higher speeds up to 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Ethernet twisted pair cables contain up to eight wires wound together in pairs to minimize electromagnetic interference.

Two primary types of twisted pair cable industry standards have been defined: unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). Modern Ethernet cables use UTP wiring due to its lower cost, while STP cabling can be found in other types of networks such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).

Fiber Optics

Instead of insulated metal wires transmitting electrical signals, fiber optic network cables use strands of glass and pulses of light. These network cables are bendable despite being made of glass. They have proven especially useful in wide area network (WAN) installations where long-distance underground or outdoor cable runs are required and also in office buildings where a high volume of communication traffic is common.

Two primary types of fiber optic cable industry standards are defined — single-mode (100BaseBX standard) and multimode (100BaseSX standard). Long-distance telecommunications networks commonly use single-mode for its relatively higher bandwidth capacity, while local networks typically use multimode due to its lower cost.

USB Cables

Most Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables connect a computer with a peripheral device (such as a keyboard or mouse) rather than to another computer. However, special network adapters (sometimes called dongles) connect an Ethernet cable to a USB port indirectly. USB cables feature twisted-pair wiring.

Everything You Need to Know About USB Ports and Cables

Serial and Parallel Cables

Because many PCs in the 1980s and early 1990s lacked Ethernet capability, and USB had not been developed yet, serial and parallel interfaces (now obsolete on modern computers) were sometimes used for PC-to-PC networking. So-called null model cables, for example, connected the serial ports of two PCs and enabled data transfers at speeds between 0.115 and 0.45 Mbps.

Crossover Cables

Null modem cables are one example of the category of crossover cables. A crossover cable joins two network devices of the same type, such as two PCs or two network switches. The use of Ethernet crossover cables was common on older home networks years ago when connecting two PCs directly together.

Externally, Ethernet crossover cables appear identical to ordinary cables (sometimes called straight-through), the only visible difference being the order of the color-coded wires appearing on the cable's end connector. Manufacturers typically applied special distinguishing marks to their crossover cables for this reason. Nowadays, though, most home networks utilize routers that have built-in crossover capability, eliminating the need for these special cables.

Other Types of Network Cables

Some networking professionals use the term patch cable to refer to any kind of straight-through network cable used for a temporary purpose. Coax, twisted pair, and fiber optic types of patch cables exist. These cables share the same physical characteristics as other types of network cables except that patch cables tend to be a shorter length.

Powerline network systems utilize a home's standard electrical wiring for data communication using special adapters plugged into wall outlets.

Reference: https://www.lifewire.com/introduction-to-network-cables-817868

WHAT ARE THE NETWORK DEVICES?

                     

1. HUB- A device used to connect the multi computers with the single device, and then performs like a single network.

2. SWITCH- Similar to a hub, but it keeps a record of the MAC addresses or the unique identity of the client devices connected to it.

3. ROUTER- is typically connected to at least two networks, commonly two Local Area Networks (LANs) or Wide Area Networks (WANs) or a LAN and its internet service Provider's network.

4. BRIDGE- is used to divide larger networks into smaller sections.

5. NETWORK INTER.FACE- is a device that enables computers to connect to the network

6. MODEM- is a device that converts the digital signals generated by a computer into a analog signals that can travel over conventional phone lines.

7. TRANSCEIVERS- is responsible for placing signals onto the network media and detecting incoming signals travelling through the same wire.

8. FIREWALL- is a networking device that can be either hardware or software-based.

WHAT IS NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

Network topology refers to the layout or structure of the network in relation with the flow of data.

Linear Bus Topology uses one long cable, referred to as backbone, to which computers and other devices are attached.

Star Topology uses central device called a hub with cables extending in all direction.

Ring Topology a type of network topology wherein nodes are connected to each other forming one contiguous pathway in a ring formation.

Mesh Topology originally conceived for military application, mesh networks are structures wherein all the nods on the network can route data traffic in their own.

Hybrid Topology as the name connotes, a hybrid topology is simply a network that uses a mix of any two or more different topologies is a such a way that final network does not exhibit one of the characteristics of the standard topologies.

WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK?

Network

is a collection of two or more computers, as well as others related devices, connected together so that information can be exchanged between or among them.

Advantages

  Reduce cost

 Increased Efficiency

Economical

More Productivity

Increased access to communication channels

More efficient patching of software

DISADVANTAGES

Network Failure

Server Error

Prone to hackers

Prone to virus

Location/Distance Problem

Network Media Type

Computer networks

can be built using either wired or wireless technology. Wire technology has been the traditional choice in home, but Wi-Fi wireless technology is quickly gaining ground.

Wired Network

Despite the proliferation of wireless data technology in the home, office, and mobile environment, having wired connection is still the most efficient and practical method of networking. It is important to keep in mind that whether wired or wireless, computer networking follows the same basic principles of sharing information and resources. Think of it as two different ways of achieving the same objective.

Wired connection

are typically used at the network core to interconnection servers and network equipment. It is more reliable over the long term, much faster and more economical. Wireless Technology is usually only used for connecting users to the network, especially for those who demand a certain degree of mobility such as laptop or tablet computer users who roam and transfer to different workplaces from time to time.

Types of Network

  PAN

 is a computer network used to interconnect devices  centered on an individual workplace.

  LAN

 is a type of network where two as much hundreds of computers are connected with each other using a network sharing device known as hub or switch to enable sharing of files, printers, and other resources.

 MAN

 A MAN is a LAN. It involves connecting several networks together that reside within a city, town, or metropolis. On a MAN, users may be several miles apart, but resources appear on the network just as if they were located within the same building.

WAN

 A network consisting of interconnected LANs over a very wide area reaching across continents.

HOW TO BE A RESPONSIBLE NETIZENS?

1.    Be mindful of what you share

In a press statement, the Philippine National Police urged the public to “refrain from posting on social media information that would tend to exacerbate the situation.”

2.    Read beyond the headline

Before sharing stories on social media, make sure to check if the source is reliable and if the information can be backed up with evidence. Another important response is to check the date and make sure the post is not outdated.

3.    Reduce the noise. Do not share unverified reports on social media

Social media can easily get flooded in times of emergencies. Help reduce the noise by not spreading unverified information on social media – especially those that do nothing but provoke fear in the community.

4.    Refrain from sowing unnecessary fear

Terrorist groups like the ISIS have harnessed social media and the Internet to recruit fighters and spread their propaganda. Social media users and the media may unwittingly contribute to the spread of this propaganda.

         SOURCE:  https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3062860706223870498#editor/target=post;postID=8741421403698030839;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname